论文标题

任务驱动的感知和操纵未知对象的放置

Task-driven Perception and Manipulation for Constrained Placement of Unknown Objects

论文作者

Mitash, Chaitanya, Shome, Rahul, Wen, Bowen, Boularias, Abdeslam, Bekris, Kostas

论文摘要

在相对简单的任务(例如采摘垃圾箱)的背景下,机器人操纵的最新进展涉及以前未知对象的情况。但是,现有的用于更受限问题的方法,例如在紧密的区域中故意放置,更加严格地取决于形状信息以实现安全执行。这项工作涉及对象的拾取和约束位置,而无需访问几何模型。目的是选择一个对象,并将其安全地放入所需的目标区域,而无需任何碰撞,同时最大程度地减少了完成任务所需的时间和感应操作。为此,提出了一个算法框架,该框架对对象的体积进行了保守和乐观的估计,同时执行操纵计划。保守的估计确保操纵是安全的,而乐观的估计值指导基于传感器的操纵过程,当找不到保守估计的解决方案时。为了维护这些估计并在操作过程中动态更新它们,对象由简单的体积表示表示,该表示存储了一组被占据和看不见的体素。通过开发一个机器人系统,该机器人系统从桌面挑选一个以前看不见的对象并将其放置在约束空间中,从而证明了所提出方法的有效性。该系统由带有异质最终效果的双臂操纵器组成,并利用交接作为重新策略。现实世界实验表明,直接挑选态度和位置的替代方案经常无法解决挑选和约束的位置问题。但是,提出的管道在多个物理实验中评估了成功率超过95%的成功率和更快的执行时间。

Recent progress in robotic manipulation has dealt with the case of previously unknown objects in the context of relatively simple tasks, such as bin-picking. Existing methods for more constrained problems, however, such as deliberate placement in a tight region, depend more critically on shape information to achieve safe execution. This work deals with pick-and-constrained placement of objects without access to geometric models. The objective is to pick an object and place it safely inside a desired goal region without any collisions, while minimizing the time and the sensing operations required to complete the task. An algorithmic framework is proposed for this purpose, which performs manipulation planning simultaneously over a conservative and an optimistic estimate of the object's volume. The conservative estimate ensures that the manipulation is safe while the optimistic estimate guides the sensor-based manipulation process when no solution can be found for the conservative estimate. To maintain these estimates and dynamically update them during manipulation, objects are represented by a simple volumetric representation, which stores sets of occupied and unseen voxels. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by developing a robotic system that picks a previously unseen object from a table-top and places it in a constrained space. The system comprises of a dual-arm manipulator with heterogeneous end-effectors and leverages hand-offs as a re-grasping strategy. Real-world experiments show that straightforward pick-sense-and-place alternatives frequently fail to solve pick-and-constrained placement problems. The proposed pipeline, however, achieves more than 95% success rate and faster execution times as evaluated over multiple physical experiments.

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