论文标题
来自红细胞黑孔的回声
Echoes from corpuscular black holes
论文作者
论文摘要
在黑洞的细球图片中，没有地平线的几何概念，而仅在半古典限制中出现。因此，很自然地问 - 如果我们将信号发送到孢子的黑洞会发生什么？我们表明，地平线上的量子效应表明，位于有效半径的表面$ r = r_s（1+ε）$略大于Schwarzschild Radius $ r_s，其中$ε= 1/n $和$ n $是构成系统的重力的数量。因此，对象的反射率可能是非零的，实际上，我们发现具有与鹰温度相当的能量的传入波可能具有对阶阶的反向散射的概率。因此，可以将模式捕获在位于光子球体的两个潜在障碍物和孢子型黑洞的表面上，并可以产生周期性的回声。 The time delay of echoes turns out to be of the same order of the scrambling time, i.e., in units of Planck length it reads $\sqrt{N}\,{\rm log}\,N.$ We also show that the $ε$-parameter, or in other words the compactness, of a corpuscular black hole coincides with the quantum coupling that measures the interaction strength among引力，并讨论此非凡特征的物理含义。
In the corpuscular picture of black hole there exists no geometric notion of horizon which, instead, only emerges in the semi-classical limit. Therefore, it is very natural to ask - what happens if we send a signal towards a corpuscular black hole? We show that quantum effects at the horizon scale imply the existence of a surface located at an effective radius $R=R_s(1+ε)$ slightly larger than the Schwarzschild radius $R_s,$ where $ε=1/N$ and $N$ is the number of gravitons composing the system. Consequently, the reflectivity of the object can be non-zero and, indeed, we find that incoming waves with energies comparable to the Hawking temperature can have a probability of backscattering of order one. Thus, modes can be trapped between the two potential barriers located at the photon sphere and at the surface of a corpuscular black hole, and periodic echoes can be produced. The time delay of echoes turns out to be of the same order of the scrambling time, i.e., in units of Planck length it reads $\sqrt{N}\,{\rm log}\,N.$ We also show that the $ε$-parameter, or in other words the compactness, of a corpuscular black hole coincides with the quantum coupling that measures the interaction strength among gravitons, and discuss the physical implications of this remarkable feature.
