论文标题
减少问题的机器学习的概括:关于旅行推销员问题的案例研究
Generalization of Machine Learning for Problem Reduction: A Case Study on Travelling Salesman Problems
论文作者
论文摘要
组合优化在现实世界中的问题解决中起着重要作用。在大数据时代,组合优化问题的维度通常非常大,这对现有解决方案方法构成了重大挑战。在本文中,我们研究了机器学习模型的概括能力,以减少经典旅行者问题(TSP)的问题。我们证明我们的方法可以贪婪地从优化问题中删除决策变量,而这被预测为最佳解决方案的一部分。更具体地说,我们研究了模型在训练阶段尚未看到的测试实例中概括的能力。我们考虑了三种情况,其中培训和测试实例在以下方面不同:1)问题特征; 2)问题大小; 3)问题类型。我们的实验表明,这种基于机器学习的技术可以在具有不同特征或尺寸的广泛的TSP测试实例中合理地概括。尽管预测未使用变量的准确性自然会随着测试实例而远离训练集,但我们观察到,即使对不同的TSP问题变体进行了测试,机器学习模型仍然可以对可以消除哪些变量的有用预测而不会显着影响解决方案质量。
Combinatorial optimization plays an important role in real-world problem solving. In the big data era, the dimensionality of a combinatorial optimization problem is usually very large, which poses a significant challenge to existing solution methods. In this paper, we examine the generalization capability of a machine learning model for problem reduction on the classic travelling salesman problems (TSP). We demonstrate that our method can greedily remove decision variables from an optimization problem that are predicted not to be part of an optimal solution. More specifically, we investigate our model's capability to generalize on test instances that have not been seen during the training phase. We consider three scenarios where training and test instances are different in terms of: 1) problem characteristics; 2) problem sizes; and 3) problem types. Our experiments show that this machine learning based technique can generalize reasonably well over a wide range of TSP test instances with different characteristics or sizes. While the accuracy of predicting unused variables naturally deteriorates as a test instance is further away from the training set, we observe that even when tested on a different TSP problem variant, the machine learning model still makes useful predictions about which variables can be eliminated without significantly impacting solution quality.