论文标题
如何安全修剪比特币的区块链
How to Securely Prune Bitcoin's Blockchain
论文作者
论文摘要
比特币是第一个成功的分散加密货币，至今仍然是同类中最受欢迎的加密货币。尽管其区块链有好处，但比特币仍然面临严重的可扩展性问题，最重要的是，其史上不断增加的区块链规模。尽管替代设计引入了计划，以定期创建快照，然后修剪较旧的块，但通常认为已经被部署的系统（例如比特币）被认为无法采用相应的方法。在这项工作中，我们修改了这种普遍的信念，并现在是Coinprune，这是一种基于快照的修剪计划，与比特币完全兼容。 Coinprune可以通过选择加入天鹅绒叉部署，即而不会阻碍已建立的比特币网络。通过要求矿工在区块链上公开宣布并共同重申最近的快照，Coinprune即使在有强大的对手的情况下，Coinprune也建立了对快照的信任。我们的评估表明，CoInprune今天已经将比特币的存储要求减少了两个数量级，随着区块链的增长，相对节省的量。在我们的实验中，加入网络时只需获取和处理5 GIB而不是230个GIB数据，将功能强大设备上的同步时间从目前的5小时减少到46分钟，而为较差的设备节省了更多的节省。
Bitcoin was the first successful decentralized cryptocurrency and remains the most popular of its kind to this day. Despite the benefits of its blockchain, Bitcoin still faces serious scalability issues, most importantly its ever-increasing blockchain size. While alternative designs introduced schemes to periodically create snapshots and thereafter prune older blocks, already-deployed systems such as Bitcoin are often considered incapable of adopting corresponding approaches. In this work, we revise this popular belief and present CoinPrune, a snapshot-based pruning scheme that is fully compatible with Bitcoin. CoinPrune can be deployed through an opt-in velvet fork, i.e., without impeding the established Bitcoin network. By requiring miners to publicly announce and jointly reaffirm recent snapshots on the blockchain, CoinPrune establishes trust into the snapshots' correctness even in the presence of powerful adversaries. Our evaluation shows that CoinPrune reduces the storage requirements of Bitcoin already by two orders of magnitude today, with further relative savings as the blockchain grows. In our experiments, nodes only have to fetch and process 5 GiB instead of 230 GiB of data when joining the network, reducing the synchronization time on powerful devices from currently 5 h to 46 min, with even more savings for less powerful devices.
