论文标题
电路构建量子程序的演绎验证框架
A Deductive Verification Framework for Circuit-building Quantum Programs
论文作者
论文摘要
虽然量子硬件的最新进展为某些关键领域的大幅加速打开了大门,但量子算法仍然很难正确实施,验证此类量子程序是一个挑战。早期尝试要么缺乏自动化或参数化推理,要么靶向高级抽象算法描述语言远离当前巡回式量子量子编程语言的事实达成共识的语言。结果,目前尚未以规模不变的方式验证大量量子算法。我们提出了Qbricks,这是第一个用于电路构建量子程序的正式验证环境,具有代码和证明,参数规格和证明之间的明确分离,高度的证明自动化以及允许自然方式编码量子程序,即接近教科书样式。 Qbricks以对经典案例进行正式验证的最佳实践为基础,并将其定制为量子案例:我们为量子程序带来了一种新的特定领域的电路建设语言,即Qbricks-dsl,即Qbricks-dsl,以及新的逻辑规范语言Qbricks-spec和专用的Hoare Hoare风格的hoare式验证验证验证规则,名为“杂种量子”。尤其是,我们介绍并在啤酒花上介绍并建立在啤酒花上,这是用于规范和自动化的最新路径和符号表示的高阶扩展。为了说明QBRICKS的机会,我们实施了几种著名和非平凡量子算法的第一个验证的参数实现,包括Shor Integer分组的量子部分(订单查找-Shor -of),量子相估计(QPE) - 许多量子算法和Grover搜索的基本构件。这些突破是通过QBRICK中引入的规范和自动推论原则充分促进的。
While recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. Early attempts either suffer from the lack of automation or parametrized reasoning, or target high-level abstract algorithm description languages far from the current de facto consensus of circuit-building quantum programming languages. As a consequence, no significant quantum algorithm implementation has been currently verified in a scale-invariant manner. We propose Qbricks, the first formal verification environment for circuit-building quantum programs, featuring clear separation between code and proof, parametric specifications and proofs, high degree of proof automation and allowing to encode quantum programs in a natural way, i.e. close to textbook style. Qbricks builds on best practice of formal verification for the classical case and tailor them to the quantum case: we bring a new domain-specific circuit-building language for quantum programs, namely Qbricks-DSL, together with a new logical specification language Qbricks-Spec and a dedicated Hoare-style deductive verification rule named Hybrid Quantum Hoare Logic. Especially, we introduce and intensively build upon HOPS, a higher-order extension of the recent path-sum symbolic representation, used for both specification and automation. To illustrate the opportunity of Qbricks, we implement the first verified parametric implementations of several famous and non-trivial quantum algorithms, including the quantum part of Shor integer factoring (Order Finding - Shor-OF), quantum phase estimation (QPE) - a basic building block of many quantum algorithms, and Grover search. These breakthroughs were amply facilitated by the specification and automated deduction principles introduced within Qbricks.