论文标题
基于深度学习的贝叶斯贝叶斯方法,用于地震成像和不确定性定量
A deep-learning based Bayesian approach to seismic imaging and uncertainty quantification
论文作者
论文摘要
由于解决方案的固有非唯一性,不确定性量化是必不可少的。贝叶斯的方法使我们能够确定未知参数的估计值通过制定后验分布的可能性。不幸的是,通常不可能制定一个先前的分布,该分布精确地编码了我们对未知数的先验知识。此外,遵守手工制作的先验可能会极大地偏见贝叶斯分析的结果。为了解决这个问题,我们建议将随机初始化的卷积神经网络的功能形式用作隐式结构化先验,该卷构结构性先验,该卷构结构化的先验是促进自然图像并排除具有不自然噪声的图像。为了将模型的不确定性纳入最终估计值,我们使用随机梯度Langevin动力学对后验分布进行采样,并在所获得的样品上执行贝叶斯模型。我们的合成数值实验验证了深层先验与贝叶斯模型的平均结合能够部分规避成像伪像,并在存在极端噪声的情况下降低过度拟合的风险。最后,我们将估计值的点差异为不确定性的度量,这与更难成像的区域一致。
Uncertainty quantification is essential when dealing with ill-conditioned inverse problems due to the inherent nonuniqueness of the solution. Bayesian approaches allow us to determine how likely an estimation of the unknown parameters is via formulating the posterior distribution. Unfortunately, it is often not possible to formulate a prior distribution that precisely encodes our prior knowledge about the unknown. Furthermore, adherence to handcrafted priors may greatly bias the outcome of the Bayesian analysis. To address this issue, we propose to use the functional form of a randomly initialized convolutional neural network as an implicit structured prior, which is shown to promote natural images and excludes images with unnatural noise. In order to incorporate the model uncertainty into the final estimate, we sample the posterior distribution using stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics and perform Bayesian model averaging on the obtained samples. Our synthetic numerical experiment verifies that deep priors combined with Bayesian model averaging are able to partially circumvent imaging artifacts and reduce the risk of overfitting in the presence of extreme noise. Finally, we present pointwise variance of the estimates as a measure of uncertainty, which coincides with regions that are more difficult to image.