论文标题
随机热力学发动机的最大功率输出
Maximal power output of a stochastic thermodynamic engine
论文作者
论文摘要
经典热力学旨在通过与所需的热量相比,通过限制产生的机械能量的最大机械能量来量化热力学发动机的效率。尽管这是由Carnot和Clausius尽早完成的,但量化可以传递的功率限制的更实际的问题仍然难以捉摸,因为准矛盾的过程需要无限缓慢的循环速度,从而导致功率输出消失。从随机模型中得出的最新见解似乎弥合了理论与实践之间的差距,因为它们在有限的时间窗口中导致了操作热力学发动机的耗散成本的物理意义表达。在这个{\ em随机热力学}框架的框架上,我们在最大功率上得出了界限,该界限可以通过循环粒子的过度阻尼颗粒的合奏来绘制,同时与不同温度的热浴($ T_C $ COLD和$ T_H $ HOT)交替接触。具体而言,假设控制电位的空间梯度有适当的绑定$ m $,我们表明最大可实现的功率由$ \ frac {m} {8} {8}(\ frac {t_h} {t_h} {t_c} -1)$。此外,我们表明,通过操作具有Quadratic潜力的环状热力学过程,可以将此绑定到$(\ frac {t_h} {T_H} {T_H} {t_C} -1)/(\ frac {t_h} {t_h} {t_h} +1)$。
Classical thermodynamics aimed to quantify the efficiency of thermodynamic engines by bounding the maximal amount of mechanical energy produced compared to the amount of heat required. While this was accomplished early on, by Carnot and Clausius, the more practical problem to quantify limits of power that can be delivered, remained elusive due to the fact that quasistatic processes require infinitely slow cycling, resulting in a vanishing power output. Recent insights, drawn from stochastic models, appear to bridge the gap between theory and practice in that they lead to physically meaningful expressions for the dissipation cost in operating a thermodynamic engine over a finite time window. Building on this framework of {\em stochastic thermodynamics} we derive bounds on the maximal power that can be drawn by cycling an overdamped ensemble of particles via a time-varying potential while alternating contact with heat baths of different temperature ($T_c$ cold, and $T_h$ hot). Specifically, assuming a suitable bound $M$ on the spatial gradient of the controlling potential, we show that the maximal achievable power is bounded by $\frac{M}{8}(\frac{T_h}{T_c}-1)$. Moreover, we show that this bound can be reached to within a factor of $(\frac{T_h}{T_c}-1)/(\frac{T_h}{T_c}+1)$ by operating the cyclic thermodynamic process with a quadratic potential.