论文标题

蒙特卡洛技术用于近似迈尔森价值 - 理论和经验分析

Monte Carlo Techniques for Approximating the Myerson Value -- Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

论文作者

Tarkowski, Mateusz K., Matejczyk, Szymon, Michalak, Tomasz P., Wooldridge, Michael

论文摘要

迈尔森(Myerson)首先引入了图形限制性游戏,以对合作者与基础通信网络的相互作用进行建模。一个专门的解决方案概念 - 迈尔森价值 - 也许是图表上合作游戏的最重要的规范解决方案概念。不幸的是,其计算在计算上具有挑战性。特别是,尽管已经提出了确切的算法,但它们必须遍历图形的所有相关联盟,其中可能有很多。在本文中,我们考虑了近似于任意图和特征功能的迈尔森值的问题。尽管已经提出了针对沙普利价值的相关概念提出的蒙特卡洛近似值,但尚未研究其对迈尔森价值的适用性。鉴于此,我们评估并比较了(理论上和刺激性的)三种蒙特卡洛抽样方法的迈尔森值:传统的采样置换方法;一种结合精确计算和采样的新型混合算法;和互联联盟的采样。我们发现,混合算法的性能很好,并且在常规方法上也有显着改善。

Myerson first introduced graph-restricted games in order to model the interaction of cooperative players with an underlying communication network. A dedicated solution concept -- the Myerson value -- is perhaps the most important normative solution concept for cooperative games on graphs. Unfortunately, its computation is computationally challenging. In particular, although exact algorithms have been proposed, they must traverse all connected coalitions of the graph of which there may be exponentially many. In this paper, we consider the issue of approximating the Myerson value for arbitrary graphs and characteristic functions. While Monte Carlo approximations have been proposed for the related concept of the Shapley value, their suitability for the Myerson value has not been studied. Given this, we evaluate and compare (both theoretically and empiraclly) three Monte Carlo sampling methods for the Myerson value: conventional method of sampling permutations; a new, hybrid algorithm that combines exact computations and sampling; and sampling of connected coalitions. We find that our hybrid algorithm performs very well and also significantly improves on the conventional methods.

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