DB43/T2694—2023 43 湖 南 省 地 方 标 准ICS CCS 97.195 Y 88 发 布 湖南省市场监督管理局棉花机械采收技术规程 2023-08发布-22 2023-11实施-22Technical regulation for mechanical harvesting of cotton DB43/T 2694—2023 I 目 次 前言 ································ ································ ································ ·························· Ⅲ 1 范围 ································ ································ ································ ······················ 1 2 规范性引用文件 ································ ································ ································ ······· 1 3 术语和定义 ································ ································ ································ ············· 1 4 机采作业要求 ································ ································ ································ ·········· 1 5 采收时间 ································ ································ ································ ················ 2 6 机型选择 ································ ································ ································ ················ 2 7 采收准备 ································ ································ ································ ················ 2 7.1 作业区域 ································ ································ ································ ········ 2 7.2 采棉机械 ································ ································ ································ ········ 2 8 机械采收 ································ ································ ································ ················ 3 9 安全要求 ································ ································ ································ ················ 3 10 采收指标 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 3 11 档案与管理 ································ ································ ································ ············ 3 11.1 生产档案 ································ ································ ································ ······· 3 11.2 档案管理 ································ ································ ································ ······· 4 附录A（资料性） 棉花机械采收档案 ································ ································ ·············· 5 DB43/T 2694—2023 II DB43/T 2694—2023 III 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1 —2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。 本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：湖南省棉花科学研究所、安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所、沅江市农业农村局、益 阳市赫山区农业农村局、南县农业农村局。 本文件主要起草人：梅正鼎、李飞、郭莉莉、郑曙峰、彭凡嘉、李锋，徐良志、戴恺、丁世勇、李 彩红、何叔军、王永波、李玉军、陈剑宝、谭丽、谭军。 DB43/T 2694—2023 IV DB43/T 2694—2023 1 棉花机械采收技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了棉花机械采收的机采作业要求、 采收时间、机型选择、采收准备、机械采收、安全要 求、采收指标和档案与管理。 本文件适用于棉花的机械采收。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。 其中， 注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB/T 21397 棉花收获机 NY/T 1133 采棉机 作业质量 NY/T 3335 棉花收获机 安全操作规程 DB43/T 1729 机采棉生产技术规程 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适 用于本文件。 3.1 机械采收 mechanical harvesting 利用机械，完成棉花的采收过程。 3.2 脱叶率 rate of the fallen leaves 棉株上脱落棉叶数量占脱叶催熟前棉叶数量的百分比。 3.3 采净率 rate of the picked cotton 采棉机采收的子棉重量占应收获的子棉重量的百分比。 3.4 总损失率 lose rate 浪费的子棉重量占应收获的子棉重量的百分比。浪费的子棉是主要指棉壳中未采净、棉株上挂着以 及掉落在地上的子棉。 3.5 含杂率 trash content 收获的子棉中所有杂质的重量所占子棉重量的百分比。子棉杂质主要指叶片、 叶屑、 小棉枝、 铃壳、 不孕籽、泥沙等。 DB43/T 2694—2023 2 4 机采作业要求 棉花应经过脱叶催熟技术处理， 棉株上无杂物； 棉株高度大于 65 cm， 最低结铃离地高度大于 18 cm； 其他种植管理按 DB43/T 1729 的规定执行。 5 采收时间 喷施脱叶剂 7 d～15 d后，棉株脱叶率达到 90％、吐絮率达到 95％以上时进行机械采收；采棉机 具作业时间一般在晴天的 10：00～18：00。 6 机型选择 根据当地实际选择适宜采棉机具： ——地势平坦、无沟渠或较大田埂、便于机械作业的待采棉田，可选择统收式或选收式采棉机； ——丘陵岗地等不适于机械作业的小田块可选择手持式收花器。 7 采收准备 7.1 作业区域 采棉机采收前田间应做好以下准备： ——对田边地角难以机械采收、而机具又需通过的区域可采用手持式收花器或人工进行采摘； ——平整棉田进出道路，填平田间横梗、引渠； ——清除杂物和田间杂草，并清除两端地头 10 m以上的棉花秸秆。 7.2 采棉机械 7.2.1 设备检查 采棉机出发前应检查： ——检查轮胎气压，必要时要充气； ——启动前检查发动机机油、柴油、冷却液及各传动部件间隙，必要时添加或调整； ——检查各指示仪表是否正常，有警示的应排除报警故障，确